60 years ago: The color on paper Agfacolor - fotointern.ch

���� In the period after the Second World War was the desire to color images on paper � � usually easy and inexpensive ways to get black and white, copied from a negative to the appropriate photo paper. The long history of Agfacolor�, � Color paper shows photo historian Gert Koshofer on.
The f� � r � fr� the postwar period he sensational novelty market had a l� � nger Background: Along with the reversal films Agfacolor f� � r Dias and narrow the films had already Afga 1935-1937 with the drafting of the negative / positive process deals already in the autumn of 1937, the first successful Experiments with Color paper. But zun� � ChST had colored movie precedence. In the IG Farben group, which then Agfa geh� � rte, there was division of labor: In the photo, it was factory Leverkusen f� � r � zust� the paper is constantly in the movie Wolfen factory f� � r the film.
This photograph taken before 1945 photo of the teacher Wilhelm Lange was a few years ago based on recent Agfacolor paper vergr� � ssert and thereby color refreshed again.
Color previously umst� � TALLY FRIENDLY and expensive
As early October 1942 on the Dresdner Fachtagung �, � �Film and Farbe�, » Agfacolor-VergrÃ� � Ã� � sserungen shown in public were also Duxochrom pictures to see. These were FarbvergrÃ� � sserungen after a aufwÃ�-employed procedure, which the company John Herzog, Hemelingen (Bremen), ursprÃ� � � r nglich fÃ� three-color cameras, as the Bermpohl � eingefÃ� had been done and zunÃ� � ChST next Jos-Pe of the eponymous firm, and the Hamburger Uvatypie (Vitacolor ) of Uvachrom AG, MÃ� � nchen, one of the few possibilities MÃ� was to color pictures to get supervision. They had to color slides (Kodachrome and Agfacolor) zunÃ� � ChST three black FarbauszÃ� � ge be made to them or even colored einzufÃ� � rbende Matrizenfolien that are themselves or whose dyes on paper were Ã� � transfer. Such FarbvergrÃ� � sserungen were an expensive VergnÃ� � gen, which is only a few could afford.
In the U.S. there was a lot further there were the amateurs from January 1942 with Roll Kodacolor films and photographs from the negatives directly from Kodak to produce color images. In addition, since 1941 Kodachrome slides of prints on a suitably developed plastic material produced, the 1943 The � � Similar Ansco Printon followed.
In Germany, the Agfacolor negative / positive process in addition to the movies until the end of the war only the photographer of the state, party and army have been reserved. Man k� � ndigte his Einf� � hrung also f� � r paper pictures after the war to end. But above all, the Agfa-chemists tested it themselves, they are still fr� � he pictures of both the inventors of the procedure Agfacolor Gustav Wilmanns and Dr. William Schneider, as well as by the chemist Dr. Edith Weyden, which deals with development of recipes f� � r the Color paper addressed, � � berliefert.

Links: Dr. Edith Weyden, at Agfa Leverkusen since 1937 with the development f� � r paper examines the color, the method has proven fr� � hour with your own photos as their b� � hmischen home.
Right: A fr� � hes Agfacolor image shows the 1949 gew� � � Bundespr� selected first President Prof. Dr. Theodor Heuss.
Consequences of the division of Germany
The big factory of the film in Agfa Wolfen was in the Soviet-occupied zone and was seized as war booty. The winner was next to the power Kinofarbfilm heavily on colored paper image interested.
In 1947 Wolfen presented at the Leipzig Fr� � hjahrsmesse Agfacolor negative films f� � r photo purposes. You in 1948, however, the absence of color paper zun� � ChST with the recommendation eingef� � executed by the color black and white negatives Abz� � ge built. The films were also in the Western zones delivered, where still no color paper to � Verf� tion, even if it is already in Leverkusen w� � during the war had been produced. It had zun� ChST � � � berhaupt a film production set. After 1948 durchgef� � hrten W� � hrungsreform and Gr� � ndung the Federal Republic, the time was ripe, at last the old promise einzul� � sen. Also threatened competition from abroad, where the photographic industry, after the forced publication of Ver� � Agfacolor formulations also bem� � hte, then cinema and photo materials. For example, Agfa Leverkusen, then a division of Bayer Farbenfabriken, in September 1949 both the color and the color of paper on the market.
In the GDR, the situation was reversed: There had to be apart of the film production is now also produces color paper, which after small experimental quantities from 1947 until 1951 was full, so that the photographers there something sp� � ter than in West Germany in the enjoyment of the proceedings came. The Farbmaterialien from Leverkusen and Wolfen differed in properties and processing.

Links: The first �, � �fremden�, » Agfacolor color after the procedure were Gevacolor from Belgium, Telcolor from Switzerland and Ferraniacolor from Italy. Fomacolor from Czechoslovakia arrived spÃ� � ter added.
Middle: Zun� � ChST came Agfacolor negative films from Leverkusen in printed cans on the market. Particularly striking are the Agfa-Rhombus initially hinzugef� � gten four strokes to differentiate movies from Wolfen.
Right: Before the EinfÃ� � hrung in Leverkusen films and also afterward to ErgÃ� � nzung the markets in West Germany moved Agfa Leverkusen also films from Wolfen. They contributed to QualitÃ� � assurance a red mark with adhesive �, � �T�, » � r fÃ� daylight and the rhombus.
The film speed was in the west with 14/10�, � � DIN (now ISO 20/14�, � �) zun� � � h� ChST slightly higher than in the east with 13/10 �, � � DIN (ISO 16/13�, � �), the development was something Wolfener k� � rzer, but the � � stliche Agfacolor paper was in the White yellowish proves especially noticed on the screen.
Kodacolor films came in the Federal Republic until 1958 on the market, but stood since 1949 Ferraniacolor from Italy and since 1950 Gevacolor from Belgium, Photo Color (sp� � ter: pakolor) from England and from Switzerland Telcolor wait before T� � r. The ADOX Color negative film as a western German competition came in 1955 the market and ADOX Color Paper in 1957, only � r f� the firm's own copy produced Institute. Telcolor negative film and paper were as Color photo only f� � r the domestic demand in small quantities manufactured, but realized in 1946 in Switzerland, Agfa-emigrant chemist Dr. William Schneider � � some of his older basic ideas: the Universal film f� � r day and artificial light with optional Einentwicklung a kontrastmindernden Silver Mask, Color paper without yellow filter layer and intermediate with 2-bath development thanks Bleichfixierbad combined.

Links: The active role in the preparation of the color negative / positive process involved chemist Dr. William Schneider tried it before 1940, and copied the Agfacolor-negative after the war to his Swiss Telcolor paper. It shows a lot on Pillnitz Baroque castle near Dresden.
Right: F� � r the first postwar Agfa-Wolfen in the catalog took Walde Huth, before the end of the war in Pr� � fstelle film factory, with the negative / positive process besch� � ftigt was on this paper Wolfener Color vergr� � sserte photo.
All images: Archives Koshofer
Schneider's ideas were also contractually Ferrania benefit, but Agfa Leverkusen fÃ� � hrte 1956 is also a Universal film, the CN 17 with both hÃ� � herer sensitivity (ISO 40/17�, � �) a. This film had sensitivity Agfa Wolfen already in autumn 1954 with the ultra-negative Agfacolor T reached. The concept of �, � �Universalfilm�, » � ChST zunÃ� had a double meaning, because the film should not only be well fÃ� � r recordings with photo lamps (instead of flash), but would largely replace the black and white film. About the high cost fÃ� � r shied color or the wrong film was exposed, could nÃ� � mlich of the remaining unmasked, ie not with an orange �, � �Gegenpositiv�, » Ã� � berlagerten color easily on the Ã� � Blicher black paper copy or in the home laboratory themselves do. Kodacolor was on the other hand, since 1949 farbmaskiert. In popularity among amateurs had photo zunÃ� � ChST but slide films prevail, even if Agfa Leverkusen had hoped, the advocated �, � �New Agfacolor-Photographie�, » � wÃ� would prevail - the CT 18 was fÃ� � r long time to grÃ� � ssten market success. From the slides, however, were soon on Farbumkehrpapier copied images erhÃ� � ltlich.
From H� � ndlerlabor to big finisher
� Zun� ChST was the color of paper processing to Qualit� � assurance of only a few designated Afga H� � ndlerlabors reserved and copy centers, which include a speaking mehrw� � � n� training was important. Already in 1951, also for specialist photographers Aus� � bung the procedure authorized by Agfa. On the advisory team of Agfa geh� � rte the well-known photographer and teacher Prof. Dr. Walter Hege. As still images with the Agfa Varioscop hand vergr� � ssert were beschr� � nkte is rational to the so-called world postcard (10.5 x 14.8 cm). The hourly output was only f� � nf images, which started with DM 4.50 cost more than f� � nf cheap cinema tickets in early May 1950 were also cheaper copies and contact other formats delivered. The preferred small Abz� � ge roll movies in the format 6 x 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. x 9 cm cost DM 1.50 and from small-size 7.5 x 10.5 cm even DM 1,80. The pictures were in a Schnellkopierger� � t (Agfa Seriograph F) time. 1957 appeared as the Agfa Colormat electronically controlled Vergr� � � sserungsger� t and 1960 after the U.S. began in West Germany in the automation of the color with the printer Agfa Colormator N 76, the per hour 4a � � 000 images in standard format 7.5 x 10, 5 cm provided.
Among the first, now internationally active finishers geh� � rt CeWe Color, with its Vorg� � nger photo W� � ltje in Oldenburg, where the first 1952 Color Paper Machine Development f� � r one days output of 6a � � 000 copies had been. 1965 er� � CeWe Color opened the first major laboratory in Germany. Thanks to the automation of film development, and paper copies could - for increased Bildqualit� � t - prices are always the picture further. Even today, an important paper Color Umsatztr� � ger f� � r pictures from digital storage media.
Agfacolor paper will, however, since the end of 2005 no longer manufactured - one of the most modern production facilities in the world was the end of AgfaPhoto in Leverkusen to victims.
Gert Koshofer



Article courtesy of �, � �Photo Deal�, », Neuss. The article comes from the latest edition III/2009, from early July to grÃ� � larger kiosks in the sale or subscription erhÃ� � ltlich is. Further topics of this edition are:
Rarit� � ten: Periflex - Leica-copy-employed or eigenst� system? / The Air Force robota, � History: advantages and disadvantages of the Contax-Bajonetts�, � / The color to Agfacolor-papiera, � Classics: Yashica - the electrical Pionier�, � / Strange models (2) / Minox 8�-11 -- Favorite Camera Prominenten�, � Photographica scene: K� � nstlerplakate � ft in Fotogesch� Diary: Fotob� � rsen from June to Dezember�, � Classifieds: Schn� � ppchen to nine pages